Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Hamartoma of the hypothalamus represents a well-known but rare cause of central precocious puberty and gelastic epilepsy. Due to the delicate site in which a tumour is located, surgery is often difficult and associated with considerable risks.History: 10-year old girl presented with early menstrual cycles. The condition started at age of one year when her parents noticed that their child has developed abnormal vaginal bleeding. Her cycles wer...

Background: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is one of the autosomal recessive disorders resulting from CYP 21(21-hydroxylase) deficiency. Testicular adrenal rest tumours (TARTs) are common in CAH, due to hypersecretion of ACTH. These lesions inside the testis are bilateral and multiple. TARTs may lead to structural damage and their tumours may be mistaken for Leydig cell tumour. Because of their locations; TART may cause seminiferous obstruction and infertility. History: ...

Background: Hypertension affects 28.6% of adults in the United States. In most, hypertension is primary (essential or idiopathic), but a subgroup of approximately 15% has secondary hypertension. In young adults (<40 years old), the prevalence of secondary hypertension is approximately 30%. Endocrine disorders remain one of the leading causes of secondary hypertension. Primary aldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome), Once thought to be a rare condition and not worth investigat...

Background: Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder; the prevalence is ~60 cases/million population1, Incidence: 3.3 new cases/million/year1 Mortality rate 2–4 times that of general population2. It is usually the result of a somatotrope adenoma in more than 95% of cases.Aim: By June 2016, we were celebrating one year of experience in acromegaly. It was first time to open acromegaly service in Duhok city/Kurdistan region/IRAQ. This review will include...

Three eagerly awaited large, randomised, controlled cardiovascular safety trials with new antidiabetic drugs have recently been completed. The results of these studies are of wide interest to the diabetes and cardiology clinical scientific communities, and the results have been presented at diabetes and cardiology scientific meetings. These have studied drugs in each of the new classes of antidiabetic drugs: sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor; lixisenatide...

In a large sample of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction, higher glucose levels were associated with a greater risk of 30-day mortality in patients with diabetes compared to patients without diabetes. In addition to previous hypothesis for mechanism of harm, recent studies have concluded that stress hyperglycaemia is an independent predictor of left ventricular remodelling after anterior myocardial infarction and may also contribute to arrhythmias.<p class="a...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite steadily improving standards of care. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is by far the most common cause of death in individuals with diabetes.A characteristic pattern, termed diabetic dyslipidemia, consists of specifically mild to marked elevation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (VLDLs) and VLDL remnants concentrations and low levels of HDL-C. Raised serum triglycerides an...

Introduction: PCOS is the most frequent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age but its diagnosis remains one of the most challenging issues in endocrinology, gynecology, and reproductive medicine. Cyclic Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare disorder, characterized by repeated episodes of cortisol excess interspersed by periods of normal cortisol secretion.History: 37 years old lady presented with weight gain for 2 years duration. She has notic...

Background and Objectives: Fasting causes a major change in the dietary habits including the frequency, the timing, and the patterns which will result in a major change in the metabolic response of the body. Physicians should advise the patients about the complications of diabetes mellitus during fasting especially hypoglycemia, the aim of this study is to determine the relation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia and to evaluate whether this correlation is signi...

Background: Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide and is caused by a wide variety of etiologies. There are several hormones which have been proved to be associated with increased body weight and has a direct effect on the fat metabolism like thyroid hormones.Methods: This is a case control study which included 384 adult persons, they were divided into 2 groups according to the thyroid function status, the first group included 204 apparently healt...